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<title>LEA: Japan: Codebook</title>
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                       Japan Election Data, 1958-1990
                                 Codebook
                         Lower House Elections Data


ID      Identification number.  Six digits.  The first three digits
        (starting with 001) are the district number, the next digit
        is the party code.   For conservatives the next digit is the
        faction code.  The final digit is a simple counter.

YEAR	Year of election (coded as 1958, 1960, etc.).

KU      Number of the district (See Appendix A).

MAG     Number of seats in the district.   Redistricting in 1967, 1976,
	and 1986.

ELECTORS Number of registered voters in district.  Source:  Asahi
	Newspaper Yearbook (Asahi Nenkan).  The data coded are
	"Tonichi yukensha," or registered voters as of the day
	of the election.

NAME    Name of the Candidate, 16 characters

HA      Factional affiliation, conservative candidates only
         0 = Missing Data
         1 = Sato, Tanaka, Takeshita faction (change dates 1971, 1986)
         2 = Kishi, Fukuda, Abe faction
         3 = Ideda, Maeo, Ohira, Miyazawa faction
         4 = Kono, Nakasone, Watanabe faction
         5 = Miki, Komoto, Kaifu faction
         6 = Kaya
         7 = no factional affiliation
         8 = Ono faction
         9 = Ichimanda faction
        10 = Fujiyama faction
        11 = Ishii faction
        12 = Old Progressive Party center faction [add!]
        13 = Ishibashi faction
        14 =
        15 = Mizuta faction
        16 = Ishida faction
        17 = Nakagawa group
        18 = Kawashima, Shiina faction
        19 = Shiina faction
        20 = Funada faction
        21 =
        22 = Mori faction
        23 = Sonoda faction
        24 = Murakami faction
        25 = Muramatsu faction
        26 = Ashida faction
        27 = Yoshida faction
        30 = Nikaido group

INC	Incumbency status.  =1 if candidate of record is an
	incumbent, =0 otherwise.  Missing data in 1958.

MAIN	Mainstream status of LDP candidates (and LDP-affiliated
	independents).
		=1 if candidate of record belonged to a mainstream faction,
		=0 otherwise
	This variable is coded missing (.) if the candidate of
	record is not a LDP candidate (or affiliated independent).

TO      Party in Election Year
	 1 = Liberal Democratic Party
	 2 = Japan Socialist Party
	 3 = Clean Government Party
	 4 = Democratic Socialist Party
	 5 = Japan Communist Party
	 6 = New Liberal Club (from the 1990 election the Progressive
	      Party)
	 7 = Social Democratic League
	 8 = Minor Party
	 9 = Independent, no party affiliation or unknown
	10 =
	11 = Conservative independent
	12 = JSP related independent
	13 = CGP related independent
	14 = DSP related independent
	15 = JCP related indepentent
	16 = NLC related independent
	17 = SDL related independent
	18 = independent related to a minor party

	(a party code of, e.g., 3.4 indicates a fusion candidacy
	between parties 3 and 4)



		        Electoral Information

VOT     Number of votes received by candidate of record in given year

WL	Whether or not the candidate of record won a seat in given
	year
        . = did not run
        1 = won
	0 = lost

RANK    The candidate of record's rank of finish in given year

	 A rank value of 98 is assigned to "OTHER CANDIDATES" when
	    1) no other candidate ran, so VOT = 0
	    2) 2 or more other candidates ran, so the NOT value
	       is a sum

NC	Number of candidates running in district

NCSP	Number of candidates of the same party as the candidate
	of record

     Appendix A: District Codes


      KU      DISTRICT
      ------------------------
       1      Hokkaido       1
       2      Hokkaido       2
       3      Hokkaido       3
       4      Hokkaido       4
       5      Hokkaido       5
       6      Aomori         1
       7      Aomori         2
       8      Iwate          1
       9      Iwate          2
      10      Miyagi         1
      11      Miyagi         2
      12      Akita          1
      13      Akita          2
      14      Yamagata       1
      15      Yamagata       2
      16      Fukushima      1
      17      Fukushima      2
      18      Fukushima      3
      19      Ibaragi        1
      20      Ibaragi        2
      21      Ibaragi        3
      22      Tochigi        1
      23      Tochigi        2
      24      Gumma          1
      25      Gumma          2
      26      Gumma          3
      27      Saitama        1
      28      Saitama        5
      29      Saitama        2
      30      Saitama        3
      31      Saitama        4
      32      Chiba          1
      33      Chiba          4
      34      Chiba          2
      35      Chiba          3
      36      Tokyo          1
      37      Tokyo          8
      38      Tokyo          2
      39      Tokyo          3
      40      Tokyo          4
      41      Tokyo          5
      42      Tokyo          9
      43      Tokyo          6
      44      Tokyo         10
      45      Tokyo          7
      46      Tokyo         11
      47      Kanagawa       1
      48      Kanagawa       4
      49      Kanagawa       2
      50      Kanagawa       3
      51      Kanagawa       5
      52      Yamanashi
      53      Niigata        1
      54      Niigata        2
      55      Niigata        3
      56      Niigata        4
      57      Toyama         1
      58      Toyama         2
      59      Ishikawa       1
      60      Ishikawa       2
      61      Fukui
      62      Nagano         1
      63      Nagano         2
      64      Nagano         3
      65      Nagano         4
      66      Gifu           1
      67      Gifu           2
      68      Shizuoka       1
      69      Shizuoka       2
      70      Shizuoka       3
      71      Aichi          1
      72      Aichi          6
      73      Aichi          2
      74      Aichi          3
      75      Aichi          4
      76      Aichi          5
      77      Mie            1
      78      Mie            2
      79      Shiga
      80      Kyoto          1
      81      Kyoto          2
      82      Osaka          1
      83      Osaka          6
      84      Osaka          2
      85      Osaka          3
      86      Osaka          7
      87      Osaka          4
      88      Osaka          5
      89      Hyogo          1
      90      Hyogo          2
      91      Hyogo          3
      92      Hyogo          4
      93      Hyogo          5
      94      Nara
      95      Wakayama       1
      96      Wakayama       2
      97      Tottori
      98      Shimane
      99      Okayama        1
     100      Okayama        2
     101      Hiroshima      1
     102      Hiroshima      2
     103      Hiroshima      3
     104      Yamaguich      1
     105      Yanaguchi      2
     106      Tokushima
     107      Kagawa         1
     108      Kagawa         2
     109      Ehime          1
     110      Ehime          2
     111      Ehime          3
     112      Kochi
     113      Fukuoka        1
     114      Fukuoka        2
     115      Fukuoka        3
     116      Fukuoka        4
     117      Saga
     118      Nagasaki       1
     119      Nagasaki       2
     120      Kumamoto       1
     121      Kumamoto       2
     122      Oita           1
     123      Oita           2
     124      Miyazaki       1
     125      Miyazaki       2
     126      Kagoshima      1
     127      Kagoshima      2
     128      Kagaoshima     3
     129      Amami
     130      Okinawa


	         Appendix B:
              Dates of Elections

	 May 22, 1958         (1958.5.22)
	 November 20, 1960    (1969.11.20)
	 November 21, 1963    (1963.11.21)
	 January 29, 1967     (1967.1.29)
	 December 27, 1969    (1969.12.27)
	 December 10, 1972    (1972.12.10)
	 December 5, 1976     (1976.12.5)
	 October 7, 1979      (1979.10.7)
         June 22, 1980        (1980.6.22)
	 December 18, 1983    (1983.12.18)
	 July 6, 1986         (1986.7.6)
	 February 18, 1990    (1990.2.18)


		Appendix C:
	     Data Dictionary

# of Recs: 10493; Size: 870K; LRL: 82;  newline delimitted


Variable    Type    Len    Pos    Label
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTORS    Num       6    1-6
HA          Num       2    8-9    faction number
ID          Num       6  11-16
INC         Num       1     18
KU          Num       3  20-22    district number
MAG         Num       1     24    district magnitude
MAIN        Num       1     26    mainstream status (mostly for top 5)
NAME        Char     16  28-43    name of candidate
NC          Num       3  45-47    number of candidates
NCSP        Num       1     49    num cands of same party as cand of rec
RANK        Num       2  51-52
TO          Num       2  54-55    party number
TOUT        Num       5  57-61
TVOT        Num       6  63-68    total votes cast in election
VOT         Num       6  70-75    votes cast for candidate of record
WL          Num       1     77    whether candidate won a seat or not
YEAR        Num       4  79-82
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